Types of Computer Systems

Types of Computer Systems

Computers can be divided into four main types depending on their size and power. They are supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers.
Supercomputers are the largest and most powerful computers. They are capable of processing huge amounts of data in a short time.
Supercomputers are very expensive and are used for scientific and engineering applications that must handle very large databases or do a great amount of computations such as animated graphics, petroleum exploration, and nuclear energy research.
Mainframes are also large and powerful, but not as large and powerful as supercomputers. The basic configuration of a mainframe consists of a central system which processes large amounts of data very quickly. This central system provides data and computing facilities for hundreds of terminals connected together in a network. Mainframes are usually used by large companies, factories, and universities.
Minicomputers are smaller and less powerful than mainframes. They can handle multitasking, that is, they can perform more than one task at the same time. Minicomputers are mainly used as file servers for terminals. Typical applications include academic computing, software engineering, and other sophisticated applications in which many users share resources. Microcomputers carry out their processing on a single microchip.
They are used as personal computers at home or as workstations for a group. Typical examples are the IBM PC or the Apple Macintosh. Broadly speaking, there are two classes of microcomputers:
 (a) desktop PCs, which are designed to be placed on your desk, and
 (b) portable PCs, which can be carried. Some portable PCs are as small as a notebook (this is why they are called notebooks or laptops); some are even smaller and can be held in one hand (this is why they are called handheld computers or palmtops). Portable PCs are ideal for business people who travel a lot.