The Functions of Operating Systems

The Functions of Operating Systems

When a brand of new computer comes out of the factory assembly line, it can do nothing. The hardware needs software to make it work. Are we talking about applications software such as word processing or database software? Partly. But an applications software package does not communicate directly with the hardware. Between the applications software and the hardware is a software interface – system software such as an operating system. An operating system is a set of programs that lies between applications software and the computer hardware.

An operating system has three main functions: (1) to manage the computer’s resources, such as the CPU or the central processing unit, memory, disk drives, and printers, (2) to establish a user interface, and (3) to execute and provide services for applications software.

However, much of the work of an operating system is hidden from the user. For instance, the first listed function – managing the computer’s resources – is carried out without the user being aware of the details. Furthermore, all input and output operations, although presented by an applications program, are actually performed by the operating system.